Combustion in Internal Combustion engines  Definition Combustion is rapid burning of the air fuel mixture (carbon + Oxygen and hydrogen + oxygen) to liberate heat energy. This burning takes place differently in spark ignition engines and diesel engines. In petrol engines, combustion  takes place by igniting the compressed air fuel mixture by a spark produced […]

Highlights of combustion in internal combustion engines Combustion is rapid burning of the air fuel mixture (carbon + Oxygen and hydrogen + oxygen) to liberate heat energy. Process of combustion takes place differently in spark ignition engines and diesel engines.  In spark ignition engines (Petrol engines or gasoline engines), combustion takes place by igniting the […]

Emissions Internal Combustion Engine DEFINITION Emission of an IC engine is hot mixture of gases coming out of the engine and going to the atmosphere. CONSTITUENTS These emissions may contain Carbon dioxide (Co2), Carbon monoxide (Co), un-burnt hydrocarbons (UBHC),Oxides of nitrogen (Nox), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Aldehyde, lead, water vapor, smoke and particulate matter (PM). HARMFUL […]

SUPERCHARGERS AND TURBOCHARGERS DEFINITION The process of increasing the density of inlet air in internal combustion engines. This increases the power output of the engine. It  is called supercharging.  Methods of supercharging  Engine driven superchargers Rotary blowers Centrifugal compressors Turbochargers driven by exhaust gases of the engine Advantages of supercharging Increase in power output Reduction […]

TESTING OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES   Purpose of Testing The testing is carried out in order to verify the designed data. It also gives the information for the developed engine to achieve the following objectives: (i) To get and know information which is not possible by calculations (ii) To confirm the validity of the data […]

HIGHLIGHTS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES The followings are the highlights of the internal combustion engines:  There is one working stroke in one revolution in a two stroke cycle, . In a four stroke cycle, there is one working stroke in two revolutions. In the petrol or diesel engine, exhaust gases are forced out. This process […]

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Two numerical problems have been solved on internal combustion engines. One is on two stroke while the other is on four stroke cycle. PROBLEM 1 The following data was recorded during testing of a TWO STROKE gas engine: Diameter of the piston                  d= 150 mm Stroke length    […]

OTTO CYCLE INTRODUCTION Otto cycle is a gas power cycle. Otto cycle is used in petrol engines. It has two isentropic and two constant volume processes. It is a  4 stroke cycle. The first engine based on Otto cycle was built by the German engineer Otto in 1861. FOUR STROKES OF OTTO CYCLE  SUCTION STROKE […]

GAS POWER CYCLES  Definition A gas power cycle is one where the working substance is gas. In the analysis of gas power cycles, we take the working substance as air  for simplicity. Thus these cycles are also called Air Standard Cycles. LIST OF AIR STANDARD CYCLES Otto cycle: It is used in petrol engines. Diesel […]

 COMBUSTION PROCESS OF SI AND CI ENGINES Combustion is a process of burning hydrogen and carbon in the fuel with oxygen. There are major differences in the combustion process in SI and CI engines. These have been tabulated below:  COMPARISON Sr. No. SI Engine CI Engine   1. There is a carburetor and a spark […]